U.S. Banks and NBFI Exposures: Regulatory Constraints and Responsive Risk Management for those with Exposure
This commentary reviews U.S. Bank exposure to Non-bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs).Key highlights include:
• NBFI's comprise nearly half of all total global financial assets; U.S. banks have increased exposure to NBFIs as their exposure to the types of businesses done by the NBFIs has decreased, largely due to regulatory changes.
• NBFIs include all institutions that provide financial services, liquidity, or credit but are outside the formal banking system, mainly since they do not take deposits.
• Regulators are taking a harder look at prime services, liquidity funding, and fintech funding following fintech failures and the performance of certain banks with high prime services exposures during the market events of 1H21.
• U.S. bank regulation includes a broad range of capital and liquidity requirements, stress testing, and limitations on business risk which mitigates exposure
“We find that U.S. banks with currently higher exposure to NBFIs are mainly GSIBs where regulators are actively monitoring exposures, including through the Federal Reserve's CCAR stress testing. These banks hold robust levels of capital and are highly capital generative. Their recent performance through the pandemic downturn and the collapse of Archegos Capital Management demonstrated that they were able to be a channel for supporting the economy. ,” said Rebecca Clarke, Vice President – Global FIG.
Bank of New York Mellon divides its businesses into two business segments, Investment Services and Investment Management. The company also has an Other segment, which includes the leasing portfolio, corporate treasury activities, derivatives and other trading activity, corporate and bank-owned life insurance, renewable energy investments and business exits. The company's two principal United States banking subsidiaries engage in trust and custody activities, investment management services, banking services and various securities-related activities. The company has four other United States bank and/or trust company subsidiaries concentrating on trust products and services across the United States.
Citigroup is a financial services holding company whose businesses provide consumers, corporations, governments and institutions with a range of financial products and services, including consumer banking and credit, corporate and investment banking, securities brokerage, trade and securities services and wealth management. The company operates via two primary business segments: Global Consumer Banking, which provides banking services to retail customers through retail banking, Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services; and Institutional Clients Group, which includes banking and markets and securities services.
Comerica is a financial holding company, engaged in lending to and accepting deposits from businesses and individuals. The company's segments are: Business Bank, which provides commercial loans and lines of credit, deposits, cash management, capital market products, international trade finance, letters of credit, foreign exchange management services and loan syndication services; Retail Bank, which provides consumer lending, consumer deposit gathering and mortgage loan origination; and Wealth Management, which provides products and services consisting of fiduciary services, private banking, retirement services, investment management and advisory services, investment banking and brokerage services.
JPMorgan Chase is a financial holding company. Through its subsidiaries, the company's segments include: Consumer and Community Banking, which provides services through bank branches, ATMs, digital (including mobile and online) and telephone banking; Corporate and Investment Bank, which consists of Banking and Markets and Securities Services, provides a suite of investment banking, market-making, prime brokerage, and treasury and securities products and services; Commercial Banking, which provides financial solutions, including lending, treasury services, investment banking and asset management products; and Asset and Wealth Management, which is engaged in investment and wealth management.
Regions Financial is a banking holding company. Through its subsidiaries, the company has the following segments: Corporate Bank, which represents its commercial banking functions including commercial and industrial, commercial real estate and investor real estate lending; Consumer Bank, which represents its branch network, including consumer banking products and services related to residential first mortgages, home equity lines and loans, branch small business loans, indirect loans, consumer credit cards and other consumer loans; and Wealth Management, which provides credit related products, trust and investment management, asset management, retirement and savings solutions and estate planning.
State Street is a financial holding company. Through its subsidiaries, the company provides a range of financial products and services to institutional investors. The company's clients include mutual funds, collective investment funds and other investment pools, corporate and public retirement plans, insurance companies, foundations, endowments and investment managers. The company's Investment Servicing line of business performs custody and related functions, such as providing institutional investors with clearing, settlement and payment services. The company's Investment Management line of business, through State Street Global Advisors, provides a range of investment management strategies and products for its clients.
Wells Fargo & Company is a financial and a bank holding company. Through its subsidiaries, the company provides banking, investment and mortgage products and services, as well as consumer and commercial finance. The company provides consumer financial products and services including checking and savings accounts, credit and debit cards, and automobile, student, mortgage and home equity and small business lending, as well as financial planning, private banking, investment management, and fiduciary services. The company also provides financial solutions including commercial loans and lines of credit, letters of credit, asset-based lending, trade financing, treasury management, and investment banking services.
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