Adva Optical Networking is a holding company. Through its subsidiaries, Co. is engaged in the development, production and marketing of optical and Ethernet-based networking solutions to telecommunications carriers and enterprises to deliver data, storage, voice and video services. Co.'s optical transmission solutions are based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology. With WDM, multiple data streams are transmitted over a single optical fiber by assigning each stream to a different wavelength. Co. also provides Ethernet-optimized transmission solutions for fiber-based networks used to interconnect enterprises and mobile network base stations with carrier networks.

Cisco Systems designs and sells a range of technologies that power the Internet. The company's business is organized into the following three geographic segments: Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Asia Pacific, Japan, and China. The company's products and technologies are grouped into the following categories: Infrastructure Platforms; Applications; Security and Other Products. In addition to its product offerings, the company provides a range of service offerings, including technical support services and other services. The company delivers its technologies through software and services. The company's customers include businesses of all sizes, public institutions, governments, and service providers.

Infinera is a supplier of networking solutions comprised of networking equipment, software and services. The company's portfolio of solutions includes optical transport platforms, converged packet-optical transport platforms, optical line systems and disaggregated router platforms. Also, the company's product portfolio includes the Infinera DTN-X Family, the Infinera hiT 7300 platform, the Infinera mTera Series, the Infinera 7100 Series, the Infinera 7090 Series, and the Infinera XTM Series, among other. Software products include the Infinera Transcend Software Suite, which includes software-defined networking and network management software, and the company's converged network operating system routing software.

Juniper Networks designs, develops and sells products and services for networks. The company sells its products in three geographic regions: Americas; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Asia Pacific. The company sells its network products and service offerings across routing, switching, and security technologies. In addition, the company provides its customers services, including maintenance and support, services, and education and training programs. The company's products and services address network requirements for its customers within its vertical: Cloud, Service Provider, and Enterprise. The company's portfolio addresses domains in the network: core; edge; access and aggregation; data centers; and campus and branch.

Nokia is an Internet and communications technology company based in Finland. Co.'s operations are focused on three businesses: network infrastructure software, hardware and services, which Co. offers through Networks; location intelligence, which Co. provides through HERE; and advanced technology development and licensing, which Co. pursues through Technologies. Co. maintains a global presence with operations and Researh & Development facilities located in Europe, North America and Asia, and sales in approximately 130 countries. Co. has an installed base of around 600 customers worldwide and these operators serve over 4 billion subscribers.