Air France-KLM is a holding company. Through its subsidiaries, Co. is engaged in transporting passengers and cargo, aeronautics maintenance and other air-transport related activities, including catering and charter services. Co. operates in six geographical regions: Metropolitan France; Europe (except France) and North Africa; Caribbean, French Guiana and Indian Ocean; Africa, Middle East; Americas, Polynesia; and Asia and New Caledonia. Co. organizes its business around the following four segments: Passenger, providing passenger transportation services on scheduled flights; Cargo, transporting freight on flights and selling cargo capacity to third parties; Maintenance, and Other activities.

Deutsche Lufthansa is an aviation group based in Germany. Co. maintains global operations and a total of more than 500 subsidiaries and associated companies. Co. operates in five major business segments: scheduled passenger air traffic ("Passenger Airline Group"); scheduled airfreight services ("Logistics"); maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO"); information technology ("IT Services") and catering ("Catering").

EasyJet and its subsidiaries are a low-cost airline carrier operating principally in Europe. Co. operates in the European short-haul aviation market. As of Sept 30 2017, Co. operated 862 routes. Co.'s total fleet as at Sept 30 2017, comprised 279 aircraft, split between 156-seat Airbus A319s, 180-seat A320s, 186-seat A320s and 186-seat A320neos. Co.'s main markets are the U.K., France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.

Ryanair Holdings is a holding company. Through its subsidiaries, Co. operates an ultra-low cost, scheduled-passenger airline serving short-haul, point-to-point routes between Ireland, the U.K., Continental Europe, and Morocco. Co. offers over 2,000 scheduled short-haul flights per day serving approximately 210 airports throughout Europe, and flying approximately 1,600 routes. In addition, Co. provides various ancillary services and engages in other activities connected with its core air passenger service, including non-flight scheduled services, Internet-related services, and the in-flight sale of beverages, food, and merchandise.