22nd Century Group is a plant biotechnology company focused on technology that allows the company to alter the level of nicotine and other nicotinic alkaloids in tobacco plants and the levels of cannabinoids in hemp/cannabis plants through genetic engineering and plant breeding. The company's products include:Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes, which contains less nicotine to reduce smokers' exposure to nicotine, which is the primary addictive component of cigarettes under the product names of Moonlight? and Moonlight Menthol?; and SPECTRUM? Government Research Cigarettes, which supplies cigarettes with different nicotine contents (from very low to high) to National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Agora principally produces and sells newspapers and carries out the Internet activity. Co. is also engaged in the cinema segment through its subsidiaries, Helios S.A. and Next Film Sp. z o.o., and in the outdoor segment through its subsidiary, AMS S.A. Co. controls radio broadcasting companies and is a publisher in magazines, periodicals and books segment. Moreover, Co. and its subsidiaries provide printing services for external clients in printing houses belonging to Co. and its subsidiary, Agora Poligrafia Sp.z o.o. Co. is also engaged in TV segment by holding shares in Stopklatka S.A. Co. and its subsidiaries also engage in projects related to production and coproduction of movies.

AGRANA Beteiligungs AG (AGRANA) is an Austria-based company that processes agricultural raw materials. The Company manufactures foods and intermediate products for the downstream food industry, as well as for non-food applications. It operates through three segments: Sugar, Starch and Fruit. The products of the Sugar segment are marketed both directly to consumers through food retailers and to the sugar industry. In the Starch segment, the Company processes and refines mainly corn (maize) and potatoes into starch products. The Fruit segment develops and produces fruit preparations (fruit ingredients) and fruit juice concentrates. The Company operates over 50 production sites globally. The Company's subsidiaries include AGRANA Zucker GmbH, AGRANA Starke GmbH, AGRANA Marketing-und Vertriebsservice Gesellschaft mbH, AGRANA Bioethanol GmbH and Main Process SA, among others. The Company also manufactures animal feed and fertilizers.

Alior Bank is a universal lending and deposit-taking bank which renders services to individuals, legal persons and other entities which are Polish and foreign persons. Co.'s core activities include maintaining bank accounts, granting loans and advances, issuing banking securities and purchasing and selling foreign currency. Co. also conducts brokerage activities, consulting and financial agency services and renders other financial services.

AMAG Austria Metall is a holding company, engaged in the production of primary aluminum, as well as cast and rolled aluminum products. The metal division is responsible for the risk management and steering of the metal flows. The casting division recycles aluminum scrap to produce foundry alloys. Its product portfolio covers aluminum materials tailored to customer requirements in the form of ingots, sows and liquid aluminum. The rolling division is responsible for the production and sale of rolled products, and precision cast and rolled plates. The service division include facility management, energy supplies, waste disposal, and purchasing and materials management.

AmRest is a holding company. Through its subsidiaries, Co. is an international fas-foods and casual dining restaurant operator in Central and Eastern Europe. Co. has been building a portfolio of well recognized power brands such as KFC, Pizza Hut, Burger King, Applebee's and Starbucks based on solid franchise and joint venture partnerships. Co. owns La Tagliatella brand which is being developed as Co. operated restaurants as well as franchised stores. Co. operates almost 700 category Quick Service and Casual Dining restaurants. Co. is based in Wroclaw and operates in Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Spain, France and the United States.

Andritzis develops production systems and industrial process solutions for standard and specialized products. Co. maintains five business areas. Pulp and Paper provides technology and services for production of various grades of pulp and fiber for the manufacture of paper, board and tissue. Metals develops and manufactures plants for the production of cold-rolled carbon steel, stainless steel, and non-ferrous metals strip. Environment and Process provides products and services for mechanical and thermal solid or liquid separation. Feed and Biofuel develops and produces equipment for production of feed. Hydro supplies turnkey electromechanical equipment and services for hydro power plants.

Asseco Poland is a provider of proprietary information technology ("IT") solutions which is based in Poland. Co. is engaged in provision of consulting on IT infrastructure, security solutions, human resources solutions, outsourcing services as well as fully comprehensive IT support. Co.'s profile includes software and computer hardware consultancy, production of software as well as supply of software and hardware. This category includes analysing, developing, and programming ready-to-use IT systems. In addition to IT services, Co. also sells goods including mainly computer hardware.

AT&S Austria Technologie und Systemtechnik is engaged in the production of printed circuit boards. Co. has three core printed circuit board businesses: Mobile Devices, Automotive and Industrial. Co.'s product assortment ranges from single and double-sided printed circuit boards to multilayer, flexible and rigid, insulated metallic substrate, nucleus, to laser drilled circuit boards. Co.'s products are used as electromechanical linking elements, mainly in the telecommunication sector, automobile industry and medical technology applications, defense and aerospace.

Atrium European Real Estate is engaged in the ownership, management and operation of commercial real estate in the retail sector. Co. primarily operates in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Hungary and Romania. Co. has two reportable segments: the standing investment segment includes all commercial real estate held to generate rental income for Co.; and the development segment includes all development activities and activities related to land plots. As of Dec 31 2016, the portfolio of standing investments consisted of 59 properties in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Hungary, and Romania.

Bank Handlowy W Warszawie is a Polish bank holding company engaged in a wide range of banking services for individuals and corporate customers in the domestic and foreign markets. Additionally Co. operates in brokerage operations, lease services and investment operations. Customers have access to these services at the branches, ATM's, telephone services and electronic banking services.

Bank Millennium provides various banking products and services to individual clients, small businesses, corporate, and public sector entities in Poland. Co. offers current account, custody account, and escrow account; standard deposits, negotiated deposits, millenet deposits, and automatic overnight deposits; debit and charge cards; funds management; professional cash services; and management of balances of current and auxiliary accounts. Co. also provides current account overdraft facility, real estate loans, revolving credits, working capital loans, investment loans, energy financing facility, sureties, line of guarantees, letters-of-credit, preferential loans, and bid bond guarantees.

Bank Polska Kasa Opieki (the Bank) is a commercial bank providing a range of banking services, mainly in Poland. The segments of the Bank are as follows: Retail banking, which comprises all banking activities related to retail customers and small and micro companies; Private banking, which comprises all banking activities related to the affluent individual customers; Corporate and Investment banking, which comprises all banking activities related to the companies, interbank market, debt securities and other instruments; and Assets and Liabilities Management and other, which is engaged in the supervision and monitoring of fund transfers, and other activities centrally managed.

Bank fuer Arbeit und Wirtschaft is engaged in financial services. Co. maintains four segments: Retail and Corporate Customers, Key Accounts, Financial Markets, and Real Estate and Leasing. The Retail and Corporate Customers provides accounts and cards, e-banking, payments, savings, private and pension investments, and financing and leasing services to small and medium-sized enterprises. The Key Accounts segment involves in documentary business, financing, international payments, and e-banking activities. The Financial Markets segment provides treasury and investment banking. The Real Estate and Leasing segment includes real estate projects financing and real estate leasing activities.

BlueRock Diamonds is engaged in diamond mining in the Kimberley region of South Africa.

CA Immobilien Anlagenis a real estate investment company. Co. invests in commercial real estate, comprising hotel, residential, office, industrial, storage space, and logistics. Co. is also active in project development business. Co.'s activities are focused in Austria, Germany and Eastern Europe. Co. has 263 subsidiaries (including 24 joint ventures) in the following countries: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Slovakia, Cyprus, Russia, Czech Republic, Poland, Croatia, Ukraine, Romania and Serbia. Co., through its subsidiaries, is engaged in creation of entire urban districts, acquisition of real estate, project development, as well as property renovation.

CCC is engaged in the wholesale and retail trade of clothing and footwear. Co. offers its products to wide range of consumers, from demanding clientele of trendy boutiques to value-oriented medium segment customers, to less wealthy customers seeking reasonably priced quality footwear. Co. pursues a strategy of brand diversification, which is reflected in its three autonomous distribution channels: a chain of official CCC stores, BOTI footwear shops and QUAZI boutiques. Co. offers more than 2,500 designs of footwear. Co. also owns more than 67 proprietary brand names e.g. Lasocki.

Chemical Works of Richter Gedeon is a multinational pharmaceutical company that is engaged in the research, development, production and marketing and trade of pharmaceutical products. Co.'s activities are divided into two major business segments: Pharmaceutical, including research, development and manufacturing of pharmaceutical products; and Wholesale and Retail including wholesale and retail trade through the distribution chain as well as marketing of its products. Co. is primarily engaged in production of gynecological, cardiovascular and gastroenterological products, antibiotics, antimicotics, OTC and medicines for treatment of the central nervous system.

Ciech is engaged in the production, trade and distribution of chemicals as well as comprehensive service activities directed at the domestic and foreign market. The main products sold by Co. are soda ash, TDI, plastics, resins, chemical fertilizers, plant protection chemicals, glass blocks and glass packaging, salt and other chemicals.

CPI Card Group is a holding company. Through its subsidiaries, the company is a provider of Financial Payment Card solutions. The company defines Financial Payment Cards as credit, debit and Prepaid Debit Cards issued on the networks of the Payment Card Brands and Interac. The company defines Prepaid Debit Cards as debit cards issued on the networks of the Payment Card Brands. The company's business consists of the following reportable segments: U.S. Debit and Credit, which primarily produces Financial Payment Cards and provides integrated card services to card-issuing banks in the U.S.; and U.S. Prepaid Debit, which primarily provides integrated card services to Prepaid Debit Card issuers in the U.S.

Detskiy Mir PAO is a Russia-based company, which is primarily engaged in the children products retail sector. The Company offers a wide range of products, such as toys, clothing and footwear, baby goods, stationery, school and learning related products, creative kits, sport related products, food, car seats, furniture, among others. The Company's structure includes the chain of stores Detskiy Mir and the retail network ELC (Early Learning Center). The Company's Detskiy Mir chain comprises over 480 stores located on the territory of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan, as well as more than 40 ECL stores. Detskiy Mir PAO is primarily active domestically and in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. In addition, the Company sells products online via its Website. The Company's major shareholder is AFK Sistema PAO.

Dino Polska is engaged in the business of retail sale in non-specialized stores with food, beverages and tobacco. In addition, Co. conducts processing of meats and the resulting products are dedicated, in the form of culinary meat, to external recipients within Co.'s retail chain. As of December 31, 2016, Co. operated a network of 628 Dino stores.

Do & Co AG is a foodservice company. Co. maintains three business divisions. Its Airline Catering division provides gourmet food for passengers of airline companies such as Austrian Airlines, Turkish Airlines, Air France on long-haul flights. Co.'s flying cooks prepare fresh meals on-board. The International Event Catering division provides services such as handling the menu and the provision of food for sporting events, including tennis and golf tournaments, skiing events and Formula One Grand Prix races. The Restaurants, Lounges & Hotel division operates three restaurants; five restaurants with bars and one at the Casino Baden, and three bakeries under the Demel brand.

PJSC Enel Russia is a wholesale generation company in Russia. Co.'s main areas of operation are production of power and heat, supply (sale) of power and heat, receipt (purchase) of power and heat from the wholesale power (capacity) market. Co. is active in four production branches around Russia: in the Ural region - Reftinskaya GRES, Sredneuralskaya GRES, in the northern Caucasus - Nevinnomysskaya GRES, and in Central Russia - Konakovskaya GRES. Co.'s aggregate installed capacity is 9,677 MW for power and 2,382 GCal/h for heat. Co. provides power and heat to both industrial enterprises and household consumers via local power distribution networks.

Erste Group is a financial services provider based in Austria. As of Dec 31 2015, Co.'s total assets amounted to Euro199,743 million and the number of customers was approximately 16.5 million. Co.'s key business is the retail business, covering the entire spectrum from lending, deposit and investment products to current accounts and credit cards. In addition to providing financial services to private individuals, Co.'s core activities also include advisory services and support for corporate clients in financing, investment and access to international capital markets, public sector funding and interbank market operations.

Eurocash, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in the distribution of food products, household chemicals, alcohol, and tobacco products (fast moving consumer goods). Through a range of distribution formats, Co. and its subsidiaries focus its business activities on the wholesale distribution to customers across the wholesale market segments, in particular, to stores throughout Poland such as retail stores, convenience stores at petrol stations, restaurants, hotels and cafeterias. Co. and its subsidiaries operate a range of distribution formats focused on supplying independent stores in Poland, which primarily include: Cash and Carry, Franchise Systems, and Distribution.

EVN is an energy and environmental services provider. Co.'s segments include: generation, which is engaged in electricity generation; energy trade and supply, which is engaged in the procurement of electricity; network infrastructure Austria, which is engaged in the operation of regional electricity and natural gas networks; energy supply South East Europe, which is engaged in operation of electricity networks and electricity, and energy trading; environmental services segment, which is engaged in among others, drinking water supply, as well as international project business; and strategic investments and other business segment, which is engaged in strategic and other investments.

FACC AG is an Austria-based company engaged in the aerospace and defense industry. The Company specializes in the manufacture of aircraft parts and components. It divides its business into three divisions: Aerostructures, Engines & Nacelles, and Interior. The Aerostructures division covers control surfaces, fairings and wing components. The Engines & Nacelles division provides engine and nacelles components. The Interior division offers interior design services for commercial aircraft, business jets/private jets, freighters and helicopters. The Company's services range from on-site support with field engineering, spares service, and repairs to assembly training of customer staff for components and systems delivered by the Company. The Company's products are manufactured at four production sites in Austria.

PJSC RusHydro is a hydro-generating company based in Russia. Co. is engaged in the generation and sale of electricity and capacity on the Russian wholesale and retail markets, as well as generation and sale of heat energy. The main activity of Co. is production of power from renewable energy sources, developing power generation using water flows, tidal, wind and geothermal energy. It has an installed electricity generation capacity of 38.5 GW; and heat capacity of 16.2 GCal/h.

Flughafen Wien is the operator of Vienna Airport. Through its subsidiaries, Co. is engaged in managing airport operations and also provides a range of infrastructure services, which include the development and maintenance of infrastructure, ground handling and security services to a variety of retail, gastronomy and parking services as well as real estate marketing. Co. is responsible for the operation and maintenance of all movement areas and the terminals, the facilities involved in passenger and baggage handling as well as security controls for persons and hand luggage. Co. also provides services for aircraft and passenger handling in scheduled, charter and general aviation traffic.

Frequentis AG is an Austria-based supplier of communications and information systems, diversifying its activities into two business segments: ATM (Air Traffic Management) business segment, which includes ATM Civil, including Information Management, and Defense business fields, and PST (Public Safety & Transport) business segment, which includes Public Safety, Public Transport and Maritime business fields. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had seven wholly owned subsidiaries in the area of Sales & Operations, four wholly owned subsidiaries and one majority owned subsidiary, as well as one affiliate, APUS Software GmbH, in the area of Software, and two wholly owned, one majority owned, one minority owned, as well as one affiliate, 3T Communications AG, in the area of Services. The Company's subsidiaries are located in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Romania, and the Czech Republic.

Gazprom Neft PJSC is vertically integrated oil company operating in the Russian Federation, CIS and internationally. Co.'s principal activities include exploration, production and development of crude oil and gas, production of refined petroleum products and distribution and market ing operations through its retail outlets. Co.'s Upstream segment includes the exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas (including joint ventures results), oil field services. Co.'s Downstream segment processes crude into refined products and purchases and sells and transports crude and refined petroleum products (refining and marketing).

PJSC Gazprom is a gas company based in Russia. Co.'s principal activity is the sale of gas. Co. is also involved in other types of activities which include leasing of assets, gas transportation and storage services, sale of gas condensate and refined products. Co. and its subsidiaries and associates operates gas pipelines systems in Russia. Co. is responsible for substantially all gas production and high pressure gas transportation in the Russian Federation. Co. is also a major exporter of gas to European countries. Co. is directly involved in exploration and drilling for hydrocarbons, production of gas and other hydrocarbons and domestic and export sale of gas and other hydrocarbons.

Grupa Azoty is engaged in the processing of nitrogen products, the production and sales of fertilizers, the production and sales of plastics, the production and sales of oxo alcohols, the production and sales of titanium dioxide, the production and sales of melamine, the extracting and sulphur products processing, and the extracting of phosphate rock. Co. and its subsidiaries have five operating segments: Fertilizers-Agro; Plastics; Chemical; Energy, includes activities that concern production of electricity and heat; and Other Activities, which comprises other operations, such as laboratory services, rental of properties and other activities that cannot be allocated to other segments.

Grupa Kety is an aluminum industry company based in Poland. Co.'s operations are organized in three business segments: Aluminum Extrusions, Aluminum Architectural Systems and Flexible Packaging. Co. offers aluminum extrusions in different shapes, bars, tubes and wires of aluminum and its alloys, which are used in the construction & building, advertising, indoor fittings, transportation, automotive industry, white goods, machinery engineering and electrical engineering. Co.'s Aluminum Architectural Systems produces aluminum joinery, realizing investment projects and selling systems. Co.'s flexible packaging segment offers packaging made of aluminum foil, films and paper.

Grupa Lotos is an oil concern which deals with oil extraction and processing and trading of high quality oil products. Co. supplies the market with, unleaded petrol, diesel oil, fuel oil, aviation fuel, industrial oil, asphalt and paraffin, among other things. Co. is engaged in the production and sales of engine oils and bitumen in Poland. Co. maintains oil exploration and production activities in the Baltic, North Sea and Norwegian Sea and operates three refineries in Gdansk, Jaslo and Czechowice, Poland. Co. markets its products in wholesale markets, as well as in retail markets through a network of petrol stations.

Immofinanz AG is an Austria-based real estate company that invests in commercial properties. The Company's core activities are the management and development of retail and office properties in selected Central and Eastern European countries. The Company focuses its operations on such markets as Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania and Poland. The Company manages a portfolio of approximately 240 properties, covering rentable space of approximately 1.8 million square meters. In the office sector, the Company concentrates on the capital cities of the core countries and the major office locations in Germany with its international myhive brand. The Company's activities in the retail sector are based on the brands STOP SHOP for retail parks and VIVO! for shopping centers which are designed for secondary and tertiary cities of Central and Eastern Europe.

Inter RAO UES PJSC is a functioning operator of electricity exports and imports in the territory of Russia. Co. represents the interests of two Russian power sector participants: RAO UES of Russia and Rosenergoatom concern, which possess 60 and 40% of the shares respectively. Co. is engaged in arranging transboundary electricity supplies, to provide both domestic and foreign consumers with electric power. Co. is also engaged in pursuing effective investment activities. Co. is developing several areas of activity, including: electric power export and import supplies; electricity sales in home and foreign markets; investment activities; and foreign asset management.

Jinduicheng Molybdenum and its subsidiaries are engaged in the manufacture and sale of molybdenum ore, molybdenum smelting series and its environmental protection products, molybdenum chemical series products, mineral products and other metal products; overseas investments; power operation; manufacture of industrial sulfuric acid; sale of chemical products and non-metal mineral products; and provision of general cargo transportation services.

Kapsch TrafficCom is an international supplier of superior intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Co. subdivided into the following three segments: Road Solution Projects; Services, System Extensions, Components Sales; and Others. The segment Road Solution Projects relates to the installation of ITS solutions. The segment Services, System Extensions, Components Sales relates to the sale of services and components in the area of ITS solutions. The segment Others relates to non-core business activities conducted by Kapsch Components KG. In this segment, Co. offers engineering solutions, electronic manufacturing and logistics services to affiliated entities and third parties.

Komercni banka is a universal banking group based in the Czech Republic. Co. is engaged in the provision of a range of financial services in retail, corporate and investment banking. Co.'s operating segments include: Retail Banking, the provision of products and services to individuals, such as among others building savings, pension insurance, overdrafts, credit card and personal loans and mortgages; Corporate Banking, the provision of products and services to corporate entities such as foreign currency and derivative products, syndicated and export financing, and guarantee transactions; and Investment Banking, which involves trading in financial instruments.

Lenta is a hypermarket group based in Russia. Co. operates 87 hypermarkets in 50 cities across Russia and 16 supermarkets in the Moscow region with a total of approximately 571,328 sq.m. of selling space. Co. also operates four distribution centers for hypermarkets and one for supermarkets. operates three hypermarket formats: Standard, typically with approximately 7,000 sq. m. of selling space (smaller than many Western European hypermarkets) and 24,000 stock keeping unit (SKUs); Compact, typically with approximately 5,000 sq. m. of selling space and 20,300 SKUs; and Supercompact, typically with approximately 3,000 sq. m. of selling space and 15,000 SKUs.

Lenzing is engaged in supplying the global textile and nonwovens industries with man-made cellulose fibers and is a supplier in many business-to-business markets. The portfolio ranges from dissolving pulp, standard and specialty cellulose fibers to high-quality plastic polymer products and engineering services. Co.'s operations are divided into three segments: Fibers, which produces and markets man-made cellulose fibers for the textile and nonwovens industry; Plastics, which produces weaving, labelling films, laminates and woven fabrics; Engineering, which implement projects, supply plant and equipment and provide services arond the world.

LPP SA Gdansk is clothing manufacturing group based in Poland. Co. is engaged in the design and distribution of clothing. Co.'s headquarters is located in Gdan'sk, including designing resources for all its brands. Co.'s stores offer its customer products that include jackets, shirts, sweaters, dresses, skirts, trousers, jeans, underwear and garment products. Co. also sells promotion clothing under a special selected brand. Co.'s product offering is addressed to a variety of customers for whom separate brands and chain stores are set up. Co. launches clothing under such brand names as: RESERVED, CROPP, MOHITO, HOUSE, and PROMOSTARS.

Magyar Telekom is engaged in the providing fixed line and mobile telecommunication services for public and business customers. Co. provides voice and non-voice (SMS, MMS, internet, data and content provision) within mobile services; voice, data, internet and TV services within fixed line services. In addition, Co. sells equipment needed for using fixed line and mobile services (telephones, tablets, notebooks, TV sets etc.).

Mail.Ru Group is an Internet company based in the Russian Federation. Co. operates the email service [email protected] and two IM networks in Russia - Mail.Ru Agent and ICQ. Co. operates two Russian-language online social networking sites: Moi [email protected] and Odnoklassniki.ru, and owns a strategic minority equity stake in the social network Vkontakte. Co. is also engaged in developing projects in E-commerce and operating more than 40 thematic vertical sites, targeting various user categories. Co. is also Russia's predominant online games company. Co. maintains a portfolio of online games which includes 34 MMO games and over 30 games for social networking sites.

Mayr-Melnhof Karton and its subsidiaries are primarily engaged in manufacturing and selling cartonboard and folding cartons with a focus on Europe. Co.'s business segments include: Mayr-Melnhof Karton, which is engaged in the manufactures and markets numerous grades of cartonboard, concentrating on coated cartonboard produced predominantly from recovered paper as well as virgin fiber-based cartonboard; and Mayr-Melnhof Packaging, which is engaged in converts cartonboard into industrial printed folding cartons mainly for the food industry, other consumer goods industries, and into cigarette packaging as well as confectionary packaging.

mBank is a provider of comprehensive corporate banking services in Poland. Co. and its subsidiaries make up the mBank Group which is engaged in offering financial services. Co.'s service offering includes a comprehensive financial offer tailored to the needs of corporate clients, Private Banking clients, and retail clients. The business activities of Co. is conducted in the following business segments: Retail Banking and Corporates and Markets.

Mobile Telesystems is a provider of mobile cellular communications services in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to consumers and corporate customers, employing technology based primarily on Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). Co. had a mobile subscriber base of around 102.5 million (77.3 million in Russia, 20.4 million in Ukraine, 2.1 million in Turkmenistan, 1.6 million in Uzbekistan and 1.1 million in Armenia). In addition to standard voice services, Co. provides improved services, including voice mail, short message service, general packet radio service, and various SMS- and GPRS-based information and entertainment services.

Magyar Olaj-Es Gazipari is an integrated oil and gas enterprise based in Hungary and active in central and eastern Europe. Co.'s core activities include: exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and gas products; refining, transportation, storage and distribution of crude oil products in both retail and wholesale markets; importation, transportation, storage and wholesale trading of natural gas and other gas products; and the production and sale of olefins and polyolefins. TVK, the petrochemical affiliate of Co., is an olefin and polyolefin producer in Hungary.

Moskovskaya Birzha MMVB-RTS PAO. Moskovskaya Birzha MMVB-RTS PAO (MMVB-RTS OAO) is a Russia-based integrated stock exchange that provides electronic trade organization, clearing and settlements on trades, depository and information services. The Company provides trading and settlement services in such segments of the financial market as foreign exchange (FX) market, federal bonds market, market of derivative financial instruments, cash equities market, corporate and regional fixed income market, commodities market, as well as market for state and municipal orders. The Company was established as a result of the merger between MMVB ZAO and RTS OAO. It operates through six branches and three representative offices. As of February 27, 2013, the Company's major shareholder was the Central bank of the Russian Federation with a stake of 22.47%. In January 24, 2014, the Company sold its whole stake in MMVB-IT ZAO.

Netia Holdings is a fixed-line telecommunication operator based in Poland. Co. provides voice telephony and data transmission services. These services include switched, fixed-line voice telephone services (long-distance and fixed-to-mobile services), Integrated Services Digital Network, Voice over Internet Protocol, voice mail, dial-up and fixed-access Internet, leased lines and frame relay and MPLS services. Co. also offers wholesale services (including wholesale termination of inbound traffic, ducts, dark fiber and co-location), services based upon intelligent networks (free phone, split charge and premium rate services) and provides broadband Internet access with ADSL technology.

NLB dd is a Slovenia-based company, which is primarily involved in the financial services industry. The Company operates as a parent company of NLB Group and has a number of subsidiaries, such as NLB Banka Banja Luka, NLB Banka Sarajevo, NLB Banka Prishtina, NLB Nov penziski fond Skopje, NLB Tutunska Banka Skopje, NLB Bank Podgorica, Bankart, Nova ljubljanska banka, NLB Skladi, NLB Vita, NLB Banka Belgrade, NLB Srbija Beograd, NLB Leasing Sarajevo, Prvi Paktor Sarajevo, NLB Leasing Sofia, Optima Leasing Zagred, among others. The Company operates in such countries, as Slovenia, Bosnia and herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, among others.

Novatek is an independent gas producer and natural gas producer in Russia. Co. is engaged in the exploration, production, and processing of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons. Co.'s upstream activities are concentrated in the Yamal-Nenets region, which is a natural gas producing area and accounts for a significant part of Russia's natural gas production. Co.'s three core fields are located in the regions of Yurkharovskoye, East Tarkosalinskoye and Khancheyskoye. Co. maintains natural gas reserves of approximately 1,144 bcm. Co.'s total net proved reserves totals around 8,088 million barrels of oil equivalent (boe).

O'key Group is a Russian retailer. Co.'s principal business activity is operation of retail chain in Russia under brand name O'KEY. Co. provides customers with fresh produce (fresh foods and delicatessen products) and non-food goods (cosmetics, clothing, shoes, household cleaning products, domestic appliances, toys, sports and fitness products, etc.). Co.'s stores follow two formats: hypermarkets and supermarkets. Co. manages approximately 71 stores (42 hypermarkets and 29 supermarkets) across North Western, Southern, Central, Urals and Siberian regions.

PJSC Lukoil is a vertically-integrated oil company engaged in the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas. Co. is engaged in all main sectors of the modern oil business including supplies, refining, marketing, transportation, petrochemicals and oil-related activities. Co.'s operations are divided into five business segments: Exploration and Production; Refining, Marketing and Distribution; Chemicals; Power Generation and Other Business Segments. Co. owns and operates refineries in Bulgaria (LUKOIL Neftochim Bourgas AD) and Romania (Petrotel-LUKOIL).

OMV is an international energy company with activities in Exploration and Production (E&P), Refining and Marketing including petrochemicals (R&M), and Gas and Power (G&P). Co. explores and develops oil and gas resources and supply energy to over 100 million people. OMV has three operating segments: Exploration and Production (E&P), Refining and Marketing, including petrochemicals (R&M), and Gas and Power (G&P), as well as the segment Corporate and Other (Co&O).

Orange Polska SA is a supplier of telecommunications services in Poland. Co. provides services, including fixed-line telecommunication services, Integrated Services Digital Network, voice mail, dial-up and fixed access to the Internet and Voice over Internet Protocol. Co. is one of Poland's three DCS 1800 and GSM 900 mobile telecommunications providers. Co. provides also third generation UMTS services. In addition, Co. provides leased lines, radio-communications and other telecommunications value added services, sells telecommunications equipment, produces electronic phone cards and provides data transmission, telephone directories, multimedia services and various Internet services.

Austrian Post is a logistics and postal services provider in Austria. Its main business activities include the transport and delivery of letters, direct mail items, print media and parcels. Co.'s branch network offers postal, banking and telecommunications products and services to its customers throughout Austria. Co. is also represented by subsidiaries in 12 European markets, particularly in the parcel and logistics segment as well as in unaddressed direct mail items.

OTP Bank is a financial institution based in Hungary. Co. is engaged in retail banking (account management, bankcards and Electronic sevices - OTPdirekt) corporate banking and private banking. In Hungary traditional banking operations are performed by Co. while specialized services, including car leasing, investment funds and insurance are developed and offered by Co.'s subsidiaries. Co. expands its operations throughout the region via its foreign subsidiaries. As of Dec 31 2011, Co. had total assets of HUF10,200,527,000,000 and deposits of HUF6,398,853,000,000.

Palfinger provides lifting solutions for use on commercial vehicles and in the maritime field. Co. is engaged in providing loader cranes, timber and recycling cranes, marine cranes, wind cranes and hooklifts service. In addition, Co. is engaged in providing tail lifts and high-tech railway systems. Co. offers its products and services primarily to construction industry, transport logistics, public authorities, waste disposal, forestry and agriculture and railway infrastructure. In the marine business, Co. sells worldwide, primarily to customers in deep sea navigation and in the oil and gas industry. Co.'s brand is LIFETIME EXCELLENCE.

Petropavlovsk is engaged in the mining of precious and non-precious metals which require it to hold licences which permit it to explore and mine in particular areas in Russia. Co.'s reportable segments, which are aligned with its operating locations, are Pokrovskiy, Pioneer, Malomir and Albyn hard-rock gold mines which are engaged in gold and silver production as well as field exploration and mine development.

PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna is an electricity company based in Poland. Co. is engaged in the generation and selling of electricity. Co. is a predominant power producer and supplier in Poland and a major heat and power sector company in Central and Eastern Europe. Co. supplies over 5 million households, businesses and institutions through a combination of its own fuel resources (lignite), power generation and final distribution networks. Co.'s activities focus on the following areas: Conventional Power Generation, Renewable Power Generation, Nuclear Power Generation, Wholesale, Distribution and Retail. Co. has 12.2 GW of installed generation capacity.

PKO Bank Polski is a universal commercial bank offering services to both domestic and foreign retail, corporate and other clients. Co. is licensed to hold foreign exchange and currencies and sell/buy them, as well as perform a full range of foreign exchange services; open and hold bank accounts abroad and to deposit foreign exchange in these accounts. In addition, Co. conducts activities relating to leasing, factoring, electronic settlements via payment cards, as well as renders other financial services. As of Dec 31 2009, Co. had total assets of Zl156,478,685,000 and total deposit of Zl124,628,562,000. Co. operates in the Republic of Poland, Ukraine and Sweden.

PKP Cargo SA is a Poland-based company active in the transportation sector. The Company's main activity is domestic and international transport of goods by rail and provision of logistic services in the field of railway cargo transport services. The Company divides its services into six divisions: Transport, offering rail transport carried out by PKP Cargo, road transport and ferry transport; Intermodal, providing intermodal rail transport; Forwarding, services carried out by Trade Trans, Cargosped and PKP Cargo International; Terminals, offering service of reloading terminals; Sidings, providing railway sidings; and Rolling Stock, which provides repairs of the rolling stock. It operates through Advanced World Transport BV (AWT).

Play Communications SA Formerly known as Play Holdings 2 SARL. Play Communications SA, formerly Play Holdings 2 SARL, is a Luxembourg-based provider of financial investment services. The Company is the owner of mobile operator P4 Sp z o o, that provides a wide range of mobile telecommunications services, including voice, data transmission services, messaging, video service (PLAY NOW), as well as Value Added Services and sales of handsets and other devices, to individual and business subscribers in Poland.

Polski Koncern Naftowy Orlen's activities are divided into three main business segments: the Refining Segment that comprises crude oil processing as well as wholesale and retail trade in refinery products. The Petrochemical Segment that encompasses production and sale of petrochemicals and chemicals. The Retail Segment that comprises of sales at petrol stations. Co.'s basic products include gasolines, diesel oils, light heating oil, Jet fuel, liquid gas, polyetylene, polypropylene, benzene, butadiene, acetone, phenol, glycols, toluen, ortoxylene.

Polskie Gornictwo Naftowe I Gazownictwo SA Polish Oil & Gas Co (PGNiG) is an integrated natural gas company based in Poland. Co.'s core activity covers exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil as well as import, storage, trade and distribution of gas and liquid fuels. Co.'s scope of activity includes gas trading and commercial support, as well as operation, maintenance and expansion of its distribution system. Co.'s distribution networks comprises over 100 thousand kilometers of gas pipelines (high, upper-medium, medium and low pressure), which cover primarily industrialized and urbanized areas of the country.

Polytec is a globally operating corporation, based in Austria, focusing on the automotive and plastics industries. Co. is engaged in the development and manufacturing of high-quality plastic parts. In the automotive industry, Co. works as supplier of exterior and engine compartment components in the high-volume market segment as well as a supplier of original equipment and components for small and medium series. Co. is active as a full-service provider in the area of injection molding, as a specialist in fiber-reinforced plastic components, as a manufacturer of original accessory parts made from plastic and as a developer of tailor-made industrial solutions made of polyurethane.

PORR is engaged in the building construction, structural and civil engineering, road construction and infrastructure construction. Co. also operates the construction branches of planning, development, execution and operation. Co. also coordinates the supraregional activities of the construction branch subsidiaries. Co. is engaged in the contruction of buildings and industrial plants; revitalizing protected architectural treasures; general contractor services, project planning and development; railway construction; foundation engineering; power-plant, tunnel, underground rail and traffic route construction; environmental engineering and prestressing technology.

Powszechny Zaklad Ubezpieczen is an insurance group based in Poland. Co. is engaged in offering a broad range of insurance and financial products. Co. pursues three main lines of business: Property and Casualty Insurance, offered by PZU; Life Insurance, offered by PZU Zycie; and Open-end Pension Funds, offered by PTE PZU, the manager of OFE PZU Zlota Jesien. Co. maintains a network of sales and service outlets including 500 outlets throughout Poland, including 243 shared outlets (common for PZU and PZU Zycie), 137 outlets of PZU Zycie and 120 outlets of PZU. Co.'s business is focused on the Polish market but it also conducts insurance business in the Lithuanian and Ukrainian markets.

Rosenbauer International is a holding company. Co. through its subsidiaries is engaged in the manufacture, sale and distribution of mobile fire protection and civil defense solutions. Co. maintains five business segments: vehicles, aerials, fire and safety equipment, service and spare parts/others, fire fighting components. Co.'s product portfolio includes a range of municipal fire fighting vehicles and aerials built to both European and the United States standards, series of aircraft rescue and fire fighting vehicles, industrial fire fighting vehicles, fire and safety components and equipment. Co. provides services and spare parts, instruction and training programs for its products.

OJSC OC Rosneft is a vertically-integrated Russian oil and gas company with upstream and downstream operations in each of Russia's oil-producing regions. Headquartered in Moscow, Co. operates ten oil and gas producing enterprises across Russia and is involved in over ten exploration projects. In addition to its upstream operations, Co. also owns two refineries, which have a combined capacity of 10 million tons per year, as well as four main oil export terminals and a nationwide network of over 600 service stations. Co.'s downstream operations consist of its crude oil export structure, refining operations and nationwide network of marketing subsidiaries.

Rostelecom PJSC provides communication services (including local, intra-zone, long-distance domestic and international fixed-line telephone services, mobile services), data transmission, Internet, Pay TV, VPN and data centers services, rent of communication channels and radio communication services in the territory of Russian Federation. Co. operates the main intercity network and the international telecommunications gateways of the Russian Federation, carrying voice and data traffic that originates in its own network and other national and international operators' networks to other national and international operators for termination.

NK Russneft' PAO is a Russia-based company engaged in the oil and gas industry. It is mainly involved in the extraction and distribution of crude oil, as well as production of associated petroleum gas (APG), natural gas and gas processing. The Company and its subsidiaries hold more than100 subsoil licenses and operate over 125 oilfields. The Company's extraction operations are structured into three geographical groups: West Siberian Group, Volga Region Group and Central Siberian Group. In addition, the Company operates on the territory of Azerbaijan. NK Russneft' PAO operates in various regions of Russia and in Belarus. The Company has its own research and technology center. The Company supplies oil both to Russian market and to export markets of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and other countries, including Hungary and Slovakia.

S Immo AG is an Austria-based company engaged in the real estate sector. The Company specializes in the acquisition, letting and sale of properties. Furthermore, It offers real estate project developments, which includes Einsteinova office, Quartier Belvedere Central, and The Mark office project, among others, renovation of existing properties, asset and portfolio management and a range of services, such as facility management and brokerage. The Company's real estate portfolio comprises residential, office, retail and hotel properties. It operates four geographical segments: Austria, Germany, Central Europe (CEE) and Southeastern Europe (SEE). In addition, the Company is a parent of CEE Immobilien GmbH, Hansa Immobilien EOOD, Rega Property Invest sro, Ikaruspark GmbH, SC Societate Dezvoltare Comercial Sudului (SDCS) SRL, Maior Domus Hausverwaltung GmbH, and Eurocenter doo, among others.

S&T AG is an Austria-based supplier of information technology (IT) solutions, specializing in Industry 4.0, embedded computer systems and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The Company operates through three segments: IT Services, which handles the end-to-end realization of IT projects, from planning (consulting), through implementation (integration) to long-term operation (outsourcing); IoT Solutions, which focuses on the development of IoT and Industry 4.0 solutions combining hardware, middleware and services marketed to the industrial automation, medical technologies, infotainment and smart energy sectors, and Embedded Systems, which provides hardware featuring embedded technologies used by the transport, aviation and communication sectors. The Company is a full-service-provider of IT services in Central and Eastern Europe. Its core markets are Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Eastern Europe and North America.

Bank Zachodni is a bank seated in Poland. Co. and its subsidiaries provide a range of banking services for individual and business customers and operate in domestic and interbank foreign markets. Additionally, Co. provides also the following services, including intermediation in trading securities, leasing, factoring, asset/ fund management, insurance services, trading in stock and shares of commercial companies, and brokerage activity. Operational activity of Co. and its subsidiaries has been divided into five segments: Retail Banking, Business and Corporate Banking, Global Banking and Markets, ALM (Assets and Liabilities Management) and Centre, as well as Santander Consumer.

Schoeller-Bleckmann Oilfield Equipment is engaged as a producer of high precision components and a supplier of oilfield equipment for the oilfield service industry. Co. focuses on non-magnetic drillstring components (non-magnetic drill collars) and downhole tools for drilling and completing directional and horizontal wells. The High Precision Components segment consists of the manufacturing of MWD (Measuring While Drilling) and LWD (Logging While Drilling) precision drillstring components. The Oilfield Equipment segment comprises production and distribution of non-magnetic drill collars, drilling motors and tools for downhole circulation applications, repair and maintenance services.

Semperit is a holding company, engaged in developing, producing and selling specialized rubber and plastic products for the medical and industrial sectors. Co. has 20 production facilities in 12 countries. In addition, Co. operates a distribution network with branches in Asia, Europe and North and South America. Co.'s products are sold to providers in the medical and industrial sectors, who are supplied with specialised rubber and plastic products. Co.'s main product categories include examination and surgical gloves, hydraulic and industrial hoses, conveyor belts, escalator handrails, construction profiles, cable car rings, ski foils and products for railway superstructures.

Strabag is a technology group for construction services. Co. provides its services in four operating segments: North + West, which executes construction services of nearly any kind and size with a focus on Germany, Poland, the Benelux countries and Scandinavia; South + East is focused on Austria, Switzerland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia and neighbouring countries as well as on the region South-East Europe; International + Special Divisions, which include on the one hand, the field of tunneling and the concessions business; and Other, which contains the intra-company Central Divisions and Central Staff Divisions.

Surgutneftegaz is vertically integrated oil company based in Russia. Co.'s activities include prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbons, oil and oil and- gas fields development and construction; oil products and petrochemicals manufacturing and marketing; power generation; gas processing and gas products marketing. Co.'s operations expand beyond Western Siberia in 3 oil production centers, two of which, in Eastern Siberia and Timano- Pechora, are to be built up within the next 3 years. Co. operates in 16 constituent territories of the Russian Federation from Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to Kaliningradskaya Oblast. Co.'s mineral resource base comprises 134 license areas of 120,000 sq. km.

Tatneft PJSC and its subsidiaries are engaged in crude oil exploration, development and production principally in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Co. is a holding structure, which incorporates oil and gas production boards, crude oil and gas refining companies, as well as enterprises and servicing works selling the crude oil and also the products of crude oil and gas refining and petrochemical products. In addition to this, Co. is also participating in the banking and insurance activities. Co.'s operations are divided into the following main segments: Exploration and Production; Refining and Marketing; and Petrochemicals.

Telekom Austria is engaged as full service telecommunications providers of long distance, local and wireless services, corporate data communications services as well as internet services and television broadcasting. Co. generates revenues from fixed line services and mobile communication services to individuals, commercial and noncommercial organizations and other national and foreign carriers. To a lesser extent, Co. generates revenue from the sale of mobile communications handsets. Co. also supplies telephones and technical equipment for telephone communications. These activities are conducted primarily in Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Macedonia and Belarus.

Transneft is an oil pipeline group based in the Russian Federation. Co. and its subsidiaries operate a crude oil pipeline system totalling 50,142 km. Co. transport millions of tons of crude oil to domestic and export markets. Co. produces a substantial majority of the crude oil in the territory of the Russian Federation. In addition, Co., through Group Transnefteproduct operates an oil products pipeline system in the Russian Federation and in the Republics of Belarus and Ukraine totalling 18,746 km. Through its associate OOO LatRosTrans, Co. operates an interconnected system in the Latvian Republic.

UBM Realitaetsentwicklung is engaged in the the development, utilization and management of real estate. Co.'s projects include: hotels; trade/entertainment; office blocks; logistics/commerce; urban development; residential buildings; revitalization; special projects; and garages/parking.

E.ON Russia is engaged in the wholesale electricity market, it produces and sells electric and heat power. As of Dec. 31, 2012, the structure of Co. includes five heat power plants with the total installed capacity of 10,345 MW/2,125.9 Gcal/h: Surgutskaya GRES-2 (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area, Tyumen Region), Berezovskaya GRES (Krasnoyarsk Territory), Shaturskaya GRES (Moscow Region), Smolenskaya GRES (Smolensk Region) and Yaivinskaya GRES (Perm Territory).

UNIQA Versicherungen is a provider of insurance products and related services. Co.operates in three business segments: property and casualty insurance, life insurance and health insurance. Co. provides property and casualty insurance; personal insurance, including health, accident and life insurance. Co. is also a direct marketer of accident, life and health insurance products, including online sales. Co.develops solutions for unit-linked products for the whole group.Co. provides its products and services through sales channels, including brokers and general agencies, banks and direct sales.

Verbund is a public utility company engaged in the generation and transmission of electricity from subsidiaries' hydro and thermal power stations located throughout Austria. Through its subsidiaries, Co. is involved in the planning and construction of water systems, hydroelectric power plants, river structures, sewage disposal systems, and high voltage transmission towers and lines. Co. generates, trades and sells electrical energy to power exchange buyers, traders, energy supply companies and industrial companies as well as households and commercial customers.

Vienna Insurance is an insurance group based in Austria. Co. is engaged in the provision of insurance services in both life and non-life areas in 24 countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The business lines in which Co. operates are property/casualty, life and health insurance. Outside its Austrian core market, Co. is active in Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey and Ukraine. Co. also has branch offices in Italy and Slovenia.

voestalpine is engaged in the production, processing, and distribution of materials made of steel and in research and development in the areas of metallurgy, metal processing, and materials technology. Co.'s steel division focuses on the production and processing of flat steel products. Co.'s special steel division is involve in tool steel and high-speed steel. Co.'s metal engineering division is engaged in turnout technology, rails and treated wire, and tubes. Co.'s metal forming division is involve in tube products and precision strip steel as well as pre-finished system components. Co.'s other activities include heavy plate production, a foundry, and a number of downstream processes.

Warimpex is a real estate group based in Austria Co. is a "hybrid" real estate company that develops and operates properties itself as an asset manager and property owner until the time at which the highest added value can be realized through sale. The majority of these projects is located in Central and Eastern Europe. Co. has developed real estate with investments including hotels in the five-, four- and three-star categories. In addition, Co. also develops office buildings and other real estate. Accordingly, Co. generates revenue from the operation of hotel properties and the letting of commercial and office space while simultaneously realizing proceeds from real estate sales.

Wienerberger is a building materials group. Co.'s segments include: Clay Building Materials Eastern Europe, Clay Building Materials Western Europe, Pipes & Pavers Eastern Europe, Pipes & Pavers Western Europe, North America and Holding & Others. The Clay Building Materials Europe division covers activities in the areas of clay blocks, facing bricks and roof tiles. The Pipes & Pavers Europe division includes Co.'s business activities with plastic pipes, ceramic pipes and concrete pavers. The North America division covers activities in the areas of facing bricks, plastic pipes and concrete products. The Holding & Others division covers activities in the areas of clay blocks.

Wizz Air Holding is a European airline. As of Mar 31 2017, Co. provided more than 500 routes from 28 bases, connecting 141 destinations across 42 countries. Co. has two reportable segments: the airline and the tour operator business units, marketed under the Wizz Air and Wizz Tours brand names, respectively. Wizz Air sells flight tickets and related services to external customers and, to an extent, to Wizz Tours. Wizz Tours sells travel packages to external customers covering the network of Wizz Air.

Wolford is engaged in the production and marketing of leg wear and ready-to-wear garments and lingerie, seasonal swimwear and complementary textile and leather accessories. Co. operates in two business segments: Retail, encompassing its boutiques and factory outlets, online business and shop-in-shops, and Wholesale, covering all business activities with other retailers. Co.'s products include: leg wear, ranging from pantyhose, stockings, stay-ups and knee-highs to leggings and socks; ready-to-wear products, including bodies, shirts and tops, sweaters, dresses, coats, skirts, lingerie, made of lace, satin and tulle; swimwear, encompassing swimsuits and bikinis and accessories.

X5 Retail Group is a holding company. The main activity of Co. is the development and operation of grocery retail stores. Co. operates a retail chain of soft-discount, supermarket and hypermarket stores under the brand names "Pyaterochka", "Perekrestok" and "Karusel" in major population centres in Russia, including but not limited to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan, Samara, Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ekaterinburg and Kiev, Ukraine.

Yandex is an internet and technology company that operates an internet search engine in Russia. Co. builds intelligent products and services powered by machine learning. Co.'s products and services are based on complex, unique technologies that are not easily replicated. Co. generates substantially all of its revenues from online advertising. Co. also generates revenues from its e-commerce offerings, classifieds and e-hailing service. Co.'s businesses are organized in the following operating segments: Search and Portal; E-commerce; Taxi; Classifieds and Experimental businesses.

Zumtobel is a lighting company based in Austria. Co. offers a full-line range of integral professional lighting solutions, luminaires, light management systems and lighting components for indoor and outdoor applications. Co.'s business activities are carried out primarily through its subsidiary groups: the Lighting Segment (lighting solutions, interior and exterior lighting, electronic-digital lighting and room management systems) and the Components Segment (electronic and magnetic lighting components).