A vicious circle is set in motion when an emerging currency begins to depreciate sharply
The cases of Argentina and now Turkey show that when a country’s exchange rate begins to depreciate sharply, it becomes all but impossible to avoid a collapse of its currency. The mechanism is as follows : It becomes impossible for the central bank to put in place interest rates that offset the expected depreciation and stop speculation of a fall in the currency; Inflation becomes very high and, to hedge against it, the country’s economic agents convert their monetary assets into foreign currencies; In addition, imported inflation causes domestic demand and activity to fall, which exacerbates the loss of confidence. Emerging countries therefore need to rapidly arrest any downward movement in their exchange rates.