An important question relating to quantitative easing: Who has sold bonds?

We look at quantitative easing in the United States (from the end of 2008), in Japan (from 2013) and in the euro zone (from 2015), and we look more precisely at who has sold bonds to central banks: In the United States : households. In Japan : banks. In the euro zone : non-residents. The group of economic agents that receives liquidity from the central bank will use this liquidity according to its own objectives: it is therefore important to know who initially receives the liquidity. Banks can provide loans; households can consume or buy housing; investors can buy shares or real estate; non-residents can buy shares, real estate or assets in other currencies.