Could demand for European bonds have weakened structurally?
W e ask w hat would happen if the ECB stopped buying euro-zone bonds . Would it be easy to find other buyers and avoid a sharp rise in long-term interest rates in the euro zone? Is there still strong global demand for risk-free euro-zone bonds? If the answer is no, then either the ECB will not be able to stop buying bonds, or long-term interest rates will rise sharply in the euro zone. Indeed, t here is reason to doubt the strength of demand for euro-zone bonds: Households hold very few of them directly; Euro-zone banks hold them for regulatory reasons, but do not wish to increase their holdings; Euro-zone institutional investors are shifting their portfolios towards equities and real assets, which they expect to offer high returns; Central banks’ foreign exchange reserves are increasing little and foreign institutional investors prefer bonds denominated in dollars over bonds in euros.