Economic agents that are insured should pay an insurance premium
If an economic agent that is insured does not pay an insurance premium to the one who insures it, depending on the size of the insured risk, there is a moral hazard: the economic agent takes advantage of the fact that it is insured free of charge. Who is currently insured among the large groups of economic agents? As we can see clearly in this crisis, households and companies are insured against the risk of ruin by governments; but the re is an insurance premium : taxes; Governments are insured against the risk of insolvency by central banks, which are the last resort buyers of their bonds . To avoid the associated moral hazard, governments would have to pay an insurance premium to central banks, but this makes no sense since central banks pay their profits back to governments; Savers are insured against financial risk by financial intermediaries (banks, insurance companies), which hold very high levels of capital to prevent losses on their assets (loans, financial assets) from being passed on to their liabilities (deposits, life insurance policies). This asset insurance service should be offset by the payment of an insurance premium by savers to financial intermediaries.