Radical Novelties in Critical Technologies and Spillovers: How Do China, the US and the EU Fare?
Critical technologies including artificial intelligence, semiconductors and quantum computing are attracting attention because of their indispensable nature and their role in national security strategies. We compare China, the United States and the European Union in these technologies and their subfields.We use large language models (LLMs) to identify which patents in these technologies can be considered most groundbreaking (not patented before) and worth replicating. These are ‘radical novelties.’We find that the US clearly dominates quantum. Chinese and EU progress is similar. The US does sl...