Financial markets expect yield curves to be flat; they ignore factors that will lead to yield curves with a positive slope
Expected slopes of US and euro-zone yield curves at the end of 2024 and 2025 show that financial markets expect a virtually flat yield curve. We believe that this expectation is mistaken, since there are several factors that point to a yield curve with a positive slope at equilibrium, in particular: The persistence of inflationary pressures, which will lead to expectations of a periodic return of restrictive monetary policies , resulting in higher nominal long-term interest rates ; The significant need for investment linked to the energy transition, maintaining biodiversity and water management, leading to higher real long-term interest rates.