Global GDP is barely higher than before COVID, yet there are many bottlenecks: Why?
Global GDP at the end of 2021 was 1% above its pre-COVID level; for the OECD, GDP at the end of 2021 was 1% lower than before COVID. So why are there bottlenecks (in the labour market, energy, commodities, transport, semiconductors, etc.) if production is not higher? They cannot result from unexpectedly strong growth in production, but may result from: A major shift in the structure of demand from services to goods in OECD countries; In the United States, a fall in the labour supply (the population looking to work); The rejection of a number of jobs (that may be arduous, casual, have unusual hours, etc.).