Has Africa’s situation improved structurally?

Without structural improvement in Africa’s situation, there is a risk of mass emigration from Africa given its demographic prospects. Are there signs of structural improvement in the African economy? We look at: The savings - investment equilibrium and the trade balance; The investment effort and productivity gains; The effort to improve infrastructure (transport, energy); E ducational attainment over time; Industrial development; P er capita income, poverty and food independence over time . Altogether, it must be recognised that Africa as a whole has not improved in any of these areas.