How can CO2 emissions be analysed?

CO 2 emissions are the product of: The population; Real per capita GDP; Energy consumption per unit of GDP; CO 2 emissions per unit of energy consumed. They therefore depend on: Demographics; Growth; Technological progress and the drive for sobriety; Decarbonisation and the speed of the energy transition. We analyse this breakdown of CO 2 emissions for the United States, the European Union, Japan, India, China and the world. We see three models emerging between 1998 and 2023: in the United States and the euro zone, the dominant trend is a fall in CO 2 emissions per unit of energy consumed, i.e. decarbonisation; in Japan, the small fall in CO 2 emissions results from the increase in energy consumption per unit of GDP; in India, China and the world as a whole, the dominant trend is a rise in per capita GDP, which leads to an increase in CO 2 emissions.