How have some euro-zone countries (Germany, Netherlands, Austria, Finland) managed to limit their public debt?
Some euro-zone countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland) have maintained a much lower public debt ratio (between 50% and 70% of GDP) than the other euro-zone countries. How have they managed to limit their public debt? Possible explanations are: Higher growth; A high employment rate; A high-quality education system, enabling a high employment rate to be achieved, without the burden of public spending on education being particularly high; A high youth employment rate and a high retirement age; Efficient public administration. The relevant explanations are: A high employment rate, in countries with a low level of public debt, due to a high-quality education system and a highly skilled workforce; A high employment rate among those aged 20 to 24 and 60 to 64 in countries with a low public debt ratio; Efficient public administration.