Is it possible to live with interest rates that are far lower than the growth rate for a long time?
Since the late 1990s, Japan has had virtually zero interest rates, far lower than the growth rate; the euro zone will perhaps keep interest rates very low for a very a long time, markedly lower than the growth rate. Is it possible for a country to have interest rates that are far lower than its growth rate for a long time? Such a country will normally eventually be affected by: A household savings rate that is too low or too high (according to whether income effects or substitution effects dominate); An excessive level of investment, with inefficient investments; An abnormal rise in debt ratios; An abnormal rise in real estate and financial asset prices . In Japan, where interest rates have been markedly lower than growth since the late 1990s , the public debt has increased considerably , while in the euro zone, the fact that interest rates have been markedly lower than growth since 2014 has not had any significant effects .