Italy: The damage caused by the stagnation of labour productivity
Labour productivity has stagnated in Italy since the 1990s. Most of the economic turmoil in Italy is a consequence of this stagnation of productivity: The deterioration in cost competitiveness, and the resulting decline in Italy’s market shares, the deindustrialisation of the country ; The stagnation of employees ' purchasing power; The low level of potential growth, which has led to low tax revenues and, as a result, a decline in public investments because of the budget constraint; The low level of corporate profitability, and hence the shortfall in their investments that perpetuates the stagnation of profitability; and hence also their financial fragility that has led to a weakening of Italian banks and a decline in credit, reinforc ing the weakness of investment. Any recovery in Italy must therefore involve a restoration of productivity, which should be the only objective of economic policies (whereas a universal income, a flat tax and a more generous pension system have no impact on productivity).