Moral hazard
Recent economic policy developments in OECD countries have led to the spread of moral hazard (situations where economic agents’ behaviour is distorted by the perception they are insured against risk): Highly expansionary monetary policies insure investors against a fall in the prices of risky financial or real estate assets; Governments guarantee loans and many financial assets held by households; they support companies in the event of a crisis and take on some of the risks associated with innovation. If there is widespread moral hazard, economic agents take too much risk, savings are misallocated, risk premia are then squeezed, risky asset prices become overvalued and risk is no longer sufficiently scrutinised.