Sudden structural economic changes generate structural unemployment

When economies undergo sudden structural changes, the structure or nature of jobs has to be rapidly transformed and jobs have to rapidly be transferred from one economic sector to another. This is not done easily, as workers have to be retrained and the new jobs may not be in the same sectors or geographic locations as those destroyed. This difficult adjustment, if the shock is sudden and not gradual, then gives rise to structural unemployment. Sudden structural economic changes have taken place (we look at the cases of France and the euro zone): After the subprime crisis, with deindustrialisation and the transfer of jobs to services; Today, with the shift in the sectoral structure of the economy brought about by the COVID crisis; And the shift in the sectoral structure of the economy brought about by the desire for a very rapid reduction in CO 2 emissions (40% or even 50% in ten years).