The decline in the labour supply may lead to a loss of potential GDP, or be offset by an effort to automate and increase productivity or by immigration
In several major countries, there has been a decline in the labour supply due to: Population ageing (China, Germany, Italy, Spain and Japan); A decline in the participation of the working-age population in the labour market (in the recent period, United States, United Kingdom). When the labour supply declines , there can be several possible consequences: Simply a loss of potential GDP (which can be seen today in China, Germany, Spain and Italy.); An effort to automate and increase productivity that maintains potential GDP (which currently can perhaps only be seen in the United States); Immigration to maintain the labour force (which can be seen currently in the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain and Germany).