The large euro-zone countries’ external energy dependence

We look at the extent to which Germany, France, Spain and Italy are dependent on the rest of the world for their energy. This dependence is a very clear drawback, considering: The risk of a loss of energy supplies, as shown by the situation with the war in Ukraine; The expectation of a long period of high fossil fuel prices during the energy transition; The huge need to transform the energy sector to switch to renewable energies and phase out the use of fossil fuels.