Towards what equilibrium level will long-term interest rates converge?
We believe that long-term interest rates (in late 2023 and 2024) will converge towards a markedly higher equilibrium level than before the COVID crisis . Financial markets do not yet expect this. Our reasons are as follows : Beyond the inflation caused by the end of the COVID crisis and by the war in Ukraine, the environment will be permanently more inflationary (social tensions, labour market pressures, energy transition, etc.); After the experience of 2021-2022, central banks will be more careful to not let inflation rise; The strong surge in inflation in 2021-2022 will have driven central banks to hike their interest rates. Once these hikes have taken place, they will be inclined to not cut interest rates in order to re tain some leeway in the event of a future recession.