We should not forget that France’s competitiveness problem is in relation to the rest of Europe

Regardless of the protections placed at the borders of the European Union (adjustment of the price of CO 2 , protection against countries with poor social policies, European preferences, aid for reshoring, etc.), France will continue to suffer from its competitiveness problem, which is in relation to the rest of the European Union. Relative to other EU countries, France is suffering from high labour costs, a tax system that is negative for companies, low labour force skills and weak modernisation of the production system. Moreover, France has an external deficit with the rest of the European Union and not with the rest of the world. There is therefore no European remedy for France's competitiveness problem .