Why was the euro zone’s inflation target set at 2%?
A rational explanation of the fact that the euro zone’s inflation target was set at 2%, in addition to the fact that this target appeared achievable, is based on differences in productivity gains and inflation between services and industry. In the euro zone, industry traditionally had about 2% higher productivity gains than in services, and, with similar wage increases, inflation was 2% lower than in services. To avoid deflation in industry (due to negative industrial inflation), it was therefore necessary to set the overall inflation target at around 2%. Since 2020, there has been no inflation gap between industry and services. The fact that the inflation target is 2% can no longer be explained by the need to prevent deflation (a fall in the price level) in industry.