Four questions raised by the COVID crisis

The COVID crisis has raised four important questions in Europe and , more specifically, France: What gaps are there in the social safety net? The crisis has brought into relief the weak protection enjoyed by some groups of economic agents: young people, employees on temporary contracts, self-employed , craftsmen . What can Europe do to stimulate investment and develop the industries of the future? The proposed European investment fund financed from Europe’s excess savings is quite appropriate . What will end up happening when massive fiscal deficits are fully monetised by the central bank? In the short term, this allows massive econom ic stimulus to be financed at very low interest rates; but are the long-term costs of this policy well understood and taken into account? How can the efficiency of the state be improved? This question concerns France in particular , where the high cost of the state goes hand in hand with inefficiency in many areas; We count four major themes: social welfare, Europe, money and the state.