How do consumers react to energy price shocks?

What do consumers (in the United States and the euro zone) do when energy prices rise sharply? They may: Dissave to preserve their consumption; Make significant energy savings; reduce purchases of energy-related durable goods (cars) and shift their consumption to low-energy goods and services; Or instead reduce their consumption and housing purchases in order to be able to buy energy. How have consumers responded to sharp energy price rises in the past? Households have primarily reacted by reducing their energy consumption, total consumption, consumption of durable goods and housing purchases; not by reducing their savings rate or consumption of services.