Italy: The urgency is not to boost actual growth but potential growth
Due to weak productivity gains and population ageing, potential growth is very low in Italy, at 0% per year on average. Stimulating demand, which the Italian government is now doing, then becomes counterproductive: the extent of supply-side constraints prevents demand stimulus from being effective; the increase in the fiscal deficit drives up interest rates, which, on the contrary, weakens activity - as was seen in the second half of 2018. Italy’s economic policy should therefore aim to boost potential growth: support corporate investment, improve the education system.