Overview of the energy consumption in the EU

We evaluate in this report the current state and trends of energy consumption in the European Union (EU) , with a focus on the main consumer countries: Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. The adoption of the first energy efficiency directive in 2012 has encouraged efforts to enhance energy efficiency across the region. The EU saw a 1 0 % reduction in its primary e nergy c onsumption from 2012 to 2022 . However, despite these improvements, primary energy consumption in 2022 was 27 % above the E uropean Union (EU) ambitious target of 99 3 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) for 2030. In 2022, E U primary energy consumption reached 1 , 259 Mtoe. A critical aspect of the E U energy profile is the dependency on imports, with Italy showing the highest reliance at 79%, while France maintained a lower rate of 52%.