Return to regionalisation of production and trade: Production will be relocated to the United States and in Europe, but CO2 will also be relocated
The current trend is a return to regionalisation of production and trade, with a return to regional value chains, due to: The rise in production costs in emerging countries; The desire to reduce transport costs; The growing awareness that globalisation increased inequality in OECD countries, given the transfer of manufacturing jobs to emerging countries; In all countries, the determination to increase "local content" and to move production of goods closer to their end-buyers. This "regionalisation" of trade and production is likely to lead to, in the United States and the euro zone: Relocation of production; But also relocation of CO 2 emissions; And lower productive efficiency.