The large number of problems created by the declining quality of jobs
We will illustrate our analysis with the case of France, but it applies to many countries. Changes to demand and automation are leading relatively skilled and well-paid jobs in industry to be replaced by low-skilled jobs in services. This decline in the quality of jobs: Weakens labour productivity and therefore purchasing power growth; Gives rise to a high degree of frustration among young people, who pursue longer studies, and among the middle class, which fears downward social mobility; Increases income inequality before redistribution, leading to ever-larger redistributive policies and, as a result, a high tax burden or fiscal deficit; Pushes the population to demand dangerous economic policies: protectionism, high public spending to boost incomes.