Time for reopening: What real-time indicators say #6

European countries borders have gradually reopened as of today, though some of them remain prohibited or subject to quarantine (United Kingdom, Denmark, Austria, Ireland, etc.). French citizens can now circulate in most of European countries while Spain will open its borders on June 21 st and Portugal on July 1 st . In France, Emmanuel Macron announced on Sunday June 14 th the modalities of reopening the country. All the regions of metropolitan France are now classified as “green zones”, meaning the resumption of all non-essential activities. The return to work on site is now encouraged and all classes (exempt Universities) will resume from Monday June 22 nd on wards. This week, we are adding indicators of payment by credit card in France available until May 18 to our database. While the effects of the lockdown have been very strong on households’ consumption, the post-containment effects are still to be taken with caution and may represent partial results. Over the next few weeks, we will see how households will resume their consumption according to the different sectors of activity .