What accounts for the employment rate shortfall in France, Italy and Spain relative to Germany?
When we look at the overall employment rate, we see that it is much lower in France, Spain and Italy than in Germany. A low employment rate leads to low levels of production, income and tax revenues and high inequality. We seek to identify what accounts for the employment rate shortfall in France, Italy and Spain relative to Germany by breaking it down by: Education level; Age and gender. We then see that the low employment rate in France, Spain and Italy can be attributed to: Low youth employment rates; Low employment rates among older workers; Low employment rates among the least and most skilled. The employment rate gap among 25-59 year olds and those with an intermediate education level is low.