What does liberal economics say about the functioning of companies?

We seek to determine the best way to obtain a change in the behaviour of companies, in the desired direction, by using the principles of liberal economics : The first problem is that of risk sharing between shareholders and employees; cyclical and corporate risks are increasingly borne by the employees, while the shareholders still receive compensation for the risk ; in a "liberal eco nomy", the employees should receive a compensation for the risk corresponding to the risk they take; The second problem is that of environmental and social objectives. To obtain, for example, a reduction in companies’ CO 2 emissions, a reduction in the use of short-term employment contracts, equal pay for men and women, etc., rather than regulations , it is better to use incentives that companies respond to in a liberal economy : price of CO 2 , bonus/penalty on short-term contracts or on gender pay differences. We use data concerning France to illustrate these different points.