What has been done with productivity gains?
We look at the situations of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Italy and Japan, and we seek to determine what use has been made of the increase in hourly labour productivity in these countries. Possibilities are: An increase in hourly wages; production then increases, but not earnings; A reduction in hours worked (without an increase in real wages): earnings then increase, but not production; No increase in real wages or reduction in hours worked: both earnings and production then increase. We see: In the United States and Japan, that hourly productivity gains have been used to increase GDP and earnings; In all other countries, that they have been used to increase real wages and reduce working hours.