What is wrong between France and the rest of the euro zone?
The French trade deficit has appeared mainly been between France and the rest of the euro zone, not with other regions of the world. France's problem is therefore not competition from emerging countries or globalisation, but its difficulties in relation to the rest of the euro zone. What might these difficulties be? At first sight we can think of: High production costs while the level of product sophistication is low; within production costs, high tax pressure on companies and short working time; Lower labour force skill level; All factors (skills, education system, taxation, labour market and pension system rules) that discourage employment, since a low employment rate leads to weak supply of goods and services and therefore an external deficit; Difficulties in financing corporate investment (low profits, rationing of bank credit). It seems that France's difficulties in relation to the other euro-zone countries are mainly explained by : The combination of high production costs and low level of product sophistication; The low skill level; The low employment rate; But not difficulties related to corporate financing.