Will euro-zone companies be able to remain competitive after the coronavirus crisis?

There is a lot of talk of reshoring production currently offshored to emerging countries back to the euro zone. But for a significant wave of reshoring to be able to take place, euro-zone companies must remain competitive after the crisis, otherwise the reshoring back to Europe will end up going to Central Europe and North Africa. However, the competitiveness of euro-zone companies will be threatened by: The cost of Europe’s stricter climate and environmental standards than those in the rest of the world; The new health standards in response to the COVID epidemic; The changing structure of demand an d consumer behaviour, which will lead to a fall in capacity utilisation in some sectors; Pressure from public opinion to make income distribution more favourable to wage earners. So how can euro-zone governments hel p their companies remain competitive? We can think of: A CO 2 tax at the European Union border, which will allow Europe to have stricter climate standards; A reduction in taxes that increase companies’ production costs: social contributions for labour costs; production taxes for the cost of capital; Profit-sharing schemes and ways to increase wage earners’ income without increasing labour costs.